FDM — fused deposition modelling
FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) is the most common 3D printing technology: it feeds molten thermoplastic filament and builds a part by stacking it layer by layer.
How it works
Filament passes through a heated nozzle, melts and is laid onto the bed as a thin line. As each layer is completed the bed or head rises by one layer, and the part cools into shape. Multi-filament systems can be used for different colours and materials.
Key properties
- Layer thickness typically 0.05–0.4 mm.
- A very wide material range (PLA, PETG, ABS, TPU, PA, composites).
- Most desktop printers are economical and easy to maintain.
- Internal support structures may be required.
- Layer lines can be visible; post-processing may be needed.
Use cases
- Functional and mechanical parts
- Prototypes and concept models
- Jigs, fixtures and production aids
- Decorative and household products
Compatible materials
Frequently asked questions
Which materials can be printed with FDM?
Many thermoplastics such as PLA, PETG, ABS, ASA, TPU, PA and carbon-fibre reinforced composites; the material is chosen according to the printer's temperature and enclosure capability.
FDM or resin?
FDM suits low-cost, durable and large functional parts; resin suits very fine detail and smooth surfaces.
Can FDM layer lines be removed?
They can be reduced with post-processing such as sanding, filling and painting or acetone vapour; removing them entirely depends on the material and technique.